ATA aanbevelingen over thyroid hormone
Geplaatst: zo 22 dec 2013, 13:44Volledig artikel met aanbevelingen > met onder ander medewerking van het
Erasmus Centrum in Rotterdam en het VU medisch centrum in Amsterdam
THYROID
Volume 24, Number 1, 2014 ª American Thyroid Association
DOI: 10.1089/thy.2013.0109
American Thyroid Association Guide to Investigating
Thyroid Hormone Economy and Action in Rodent and Cell Models
1Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
2Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota.
3Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes
of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
4Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire.
5Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
6Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, and Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine,
Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
7Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
8Institute of Biomedical Investigation (IIB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
9Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
10Department of Biological Sciences, Minnesota State University, Mankato, Minnesota.
11Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
12Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom.
*Chair; all other authors are listed in alphabetical order.
Background:
An in-depth understanding of the fundamental principles that regulate thyroid hormone homeostasis
is critical for the development of new diagnostic and treatment approaches for patients with thyroid disease.
Summary:
Important clinical practices in use today for the treatment of patients with hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism,
or thyroid cancer are the result of laboratory discoveries made by scientists investigating the most
basic aspects of thyroid structure and molecular biology.
In this document, a panel of experts commissioned by the American Thyroid Association makes a series of
recommendations related to the study of thyroid hormone economy and action.
These recommendations are intended to promote standardization of study design, which should in turn increase
the comparability and reproducibility of experimental findings.
Conclusions:
It is expected that adherence to these recommendations by investigators in the field will facilitate
progress towards a better understanding of the thyroid gland and thyroid hormone dependent processes
Wat voorbeeldstukjes uit deze aanbevelingsgids:
Table 1. Organization of the Task Force’s Recommendations
Location
key Sections and subsections Page
Location
key Sections and subsections Page
T3, 3,3¢,5-triiodothyronine; TR, thyroid hormone receptor; PCR, polymerase chain reaction.
[A] Assessing the Thyroid Gland 4
[A.1] Structure–function relationships 4
Recommendation 1 4
[A.2] Thyroid iodide kinetics 6
Recommendation 2 7
Recommendation 3 8
[A.3] Thyroid imaging 8
Recommendation 4 8
Assessing Circulating and Tissue
Thyroid Hormone Levels
Recommendation 8 13
[B.3] Sources of tissue T3 and TR saturation 13
Recommendation 9 14
[C] Assessing Thyroid Hormone
Transport Into Cells
14
[C.1] Thyroid hormone transport
in vitro
15
Recommendation 10 15
Recommendation 11 16
[C.2] Thyroid hormone transport in vivo 16
Recommendation 12 16
[D] Assessing Thyroid Hormone Deiodination 17
[D.1] Identification, expression, and
quantification of deiodinases
17
Recommendation 13 17
Recommendation 14 18
[D.2] Deiodination in intact cells 19
Recommendation 15 19
[D.3] Deiodination in perfused organs 19
Recommendation 16 19
[D.4] Deiodination in whole animals 20
Recommendation 17 20
[D.5] Non-deiodination pathways of
thyroid hormone metabolism
21
Recommendation 18 22
[E] Inducing Hypothyroidism and
Thyroid Hormone Replacement
22
[E.1] Hypothyroidism in animals 22
Recommendation 19 22
Recommendation 23 25
[E.2] Thyroid hormone replacement in animals
26
Recommendation 24 26
[E.3] Hypothyroidism in cultured cells 27
Recommendation 25 27
[F] Increasing Thyroid Hormone
Signaling
27
[F.1] Thyrotoxicosis in animals 27
Recommendation 26 28
Recommendation 27 28
[F.2] Thyrotoxicosis in cultured cells 28
Recommendation 28 28
[F.3] Use of thyroid hormone analogues 29
Recommendation 29 29
[G] Iodine Deficiency and Maternal–Fetal
Transfer of Thyroid Hormone
30
[G.1] Iodine deficiency in rodents 30
Recommendation 30 30
Recommendation 31 31
Recommendation 32 31
[G.2] Placental transfer of thyroid hormone 31
Recommendation 33 31
[H] Models of Nonthyroidal Illness 31
Recommendation 34 32
Recommendation 35 32
Assessing Thyroid Hormone Signaling
at Tissue and Cellular Levels
32
[I.1] Gene expression as a marker of
thyroid hormone status
33
Recommendation 36 33
[I.2] PCR analysis of mRNA expression levels 33
Recommendation 37 33
[I.3] Genome-wide analysis of thyroid
hormone-responsive mRNA
35
Recommendation 38 35
[I.4] Mechanisms of gene regulation by
thyroid hormone
35
Recommendation 39 35
Recommendation 40 36
[I.5] Mouse models for indicating thyroid
hormone and TR signaling in tissues
36
Recommendation 41 37
[J] Assessing Thyroid Hormone Signaling
by Way of Systemic Biological Parameters
37
[J.1] Central nervous system 38
Recommendation 42 39
Recommendation 48 41
[J.2] Heart and cardiovascular system 42
Recommendation 49 42
Recommendation 54 45
[J.3] Intermediary metabolism and
energy homeostasis
45
Recommendation 55 45
Recommendation 56 48
[J.4] Skeletal muscle 50
Recommendation 60 51
Recommendation 61 51
Recommendation 64 52
Recommendation 65 52
[J.5] Skeleton 53
Recommendation 66 53
Recommendation 68 53
Recommendation 70
FIG. 8.
Supply and metabolism of thyroid hormones affect negatively and positively T3-regulated genes in the brain. To
construct this figure, the authors used individual reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR)
data from T3-regulated genes to calculate the fold change relative to the wild-type (WT) values, and plotted the Log2FC (fold
change) to make the results quantitatively comparable. The data were represented in a box-and-whiskers (5%–95%) plot.
Statistical significance between each group and the WT was calculated by one-way ANOVA. For the positive genes,
F5,537 = 272, p < 0.0001. For the negative genes, F5,400 = 145, p < 0.0001. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. Reproduced with permission
from Hernandez et al. (492).
RECOMMENDATION 5b
Assays for measuring circulating T4 and T3 are best performed using serum rather than plasma, since fibrin formation
affects pipetting, and additives such as heparin may directly interfere with free hormone determination.
Commentary.
Frequent blood samples can be obtained during the course of an experiment if limited to approximately
10% of the total volume every 2–4 weeks and 1% every 24 hours. Serum can be stored at -20C for long time periods.
The use of anesthesia may have variable effects on thyroid hormone levels, and each investigator should evaluate potential
effects in their system with the anesthetic they are using.
Serum T3 and T4 exhibit minimal circadian variations along day–night cycles; these could be taken into account
depending on the timing of sample collection. Serum samples with milky aspect from lactating dams or from their pups can
give erroneous results due to their high lipid content. In these cases extraction of the serum and removal of the lipids using
chloroform is advisable (67).
RECOMMENDATION 5c
Determinations of free iodothyronine indexes (FT4I and T3I) in the serum can be achieved by measurement of the
total serum hormone concentration and the serum iodothyronine binding capacity using one of the resin or
charcoal methods.
Commentary.
The existence of proteins in the serum that reversibly bind thyroid hormone establishes two pools
of circulating T4 and T3 (i.e., prote etc.etc.
Het volledige artikel:
http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/pdf/10 ... .2013.0109
Erasmus Centrum in Rotterdam en het VU medisch centrum in Amsterdam
THYROID
Volume 24, Number 1, 2014 ª American Thyroid Association
DOI: 10.1089/thy.2013.0109
American Thyroid Association Guide to Investigating
Thyroid Hormone Economy and Action in Rodent and Cell Models
1Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
2Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota.
3Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes
of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
4Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire.
5Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
6Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, and Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine,
Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
7Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
8Institute of Biomedical Investigation (IIB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
9Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
10Department of Biological Sciences, Minnesota State University, Mankato, Minnesota.
11Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
12Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom.
*Chair; all other authors are listed in alphabetical order.
Background:
An in-depth understanding of the fundamental principles that regulate thyroid hormone homeostasis
is critical for the development of new diagnostic and treatment approaches for patients with thyroid disease.
Summary:
Important clinical practices in use today for the treatment of patients with hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism,
or thyroid cancer are the result of laboratory discoveries made by scientists investigating the most
basic aspects of thyroid structure and molecular biology.
In this document, a panel of experts commissioned by the American Thyroid Association makes a series of
recommendations related to the study of thyroid hormone economy and action.
These recommendations are intended to promote standardization of study design, which should in turn increase
the comparability and reproducibility of experimental findings.
Conclusions:
It is expected that adherence to these recommendations by investigators in the field will facilitate
progress towards a better understanding of the thyroid gland and thyroid hormone dependent processes
Wat voorbeeldstukjes uit deze aanbevelingsgids:
Table 1. Organization of the Task Force’s Recommendations
Location
key Sections and subsections Page
Location
key Sections and subsections Page
T3, 3,3¢,5-triiodothyronine; TR, thyroid hormone receptor; PCR, polymerase chain reaction.
[A] Assessing the Thyroid Gland 4
[A.1] Structure–function relationships 4
Recommendation 1 4
[A.2] Thyroid iodide kinetics 6
Recommendation 2 7
Recommendation 3 8
[A.3] Thyroid imaging 8
Recommendation 4 8
Assessing Circulating and Tissue
Thyroid Hormone Levels
Recommendation 8 13
[B.3] Sources of tissue T3 and TR saturation 13
Recommendation 9 14
[C] Assessing Thyroid Hormone
Transport Into Cells
14
[C.1] Thyroid hormone transport
in vitro
15
Recommendation 10 15
Recommendation 11 16
[C.2] Thyroid hormone transport in vivo 16
Recommendation 12 16
[D] Assessing Thyroid Hormone Deiodination 17
[D.1] Identification, expression, and
quantification of deiodinases
17
Recommendation 13 17
Recommendation 14 18
[D.2] Deiodination in intact cells 19
Recommendation 15 19
[D.3] Deiodination in perfused organs 19
Recommendation 16 19
[D.4] Deiodination in whole animals 20
Recommendation 17 20
[D.5] Non-deiodination pathways of
thyroid hormone metabolism
21
Recommendation 18 22
[E] Inducing Hypothyroidism and
Thyroid Hormone Replacement
22
[E.1] Hypothyroidism in animals 22
Recommendation 19 22
Recommendation 23 25
[E.2] Thyroid hormone replacement in animals
26
Recommendation 24 26
[E.3] Hypothyroidism in cultured cells 27
Recommendation 25 27
[F] Increasing Thyroid Hormone
Signaling
27
[F.1] Thyrotoxicosis in animals 27
Recommendation 26 28
Recommendation 27 28
[F.2] Thyrotoxicosis in cultured cells 28
Recommendation 28 28
[F.3] Use of thyroid hormone analogues 29
Recommendation 29 29
[G] Iodine Deficiency and Maternal–Fetal
Transfer of Thyroid Hormone
30
[G.1] Iodine deficiency in rodents 30
Recommendation 30 30
Recommendation 31 31
Recommendation 32 31
[G.2] Placental transfer of thyroid hormone 31
Recommendation 33 31
[H] Models of Nonthyroidal Illness 31
Recommendation 34 32
Recommendation 35 32
Assessing Thyroid Hormone Signaling
at Tissue and Cellular Levels
32
[I.1] Gene expression as a marker of
thyroid hormone status
33
Recommendation 36 33
[I.2] PCR analysis of mRNA expression levels 33
Recommendation 37 33
[I.3] Genome-wide analysis of thyroid
hormone-responsive mRNA
35
Recommendation 38 35
[I.4] Mechanisms of gene regulation by
thyroid hormone
35
Recommendation 39 35
Recommendation 40 36
[I.5] Mouse models for indicating thyroid
hormone and TR signaling in tissues
36
Recommendation 41 37
[J] Assessing Thyroid Hormone Signaling
by Way of Systemic Biological Parameters
37
[J.1] Central nervous system 38
Recommendation 42 39
Recommendation 48 41
[J.2] Heart and cardiovascular system 42
Recommendation 49 42
Recommendation 54 45
[J.3] Intermediary metabolism and
energy homeostasis
45
Recommendation 55 45
Recommendation 56 48
[J.4] Skeletal muscle 50
Recommendation 60 51
Recommendation 61 51
Recommendation 64 52
Recommendation 65 52
[J.5] Skeleton 53
Recommendation 66 53
Recommendation 68 53
Recommendation 70
FIG. 8.
Supply and metabolism of thyroid hormones affect negatively and positively T3-regulated genes in the brain. To
construct this figure, the authors used individual reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR)
data from T3-regulated genes to calculate the fold change relative to the wild-type (WT) values, and plotted the Log2FC (fold
change) to make the results quantitatively comparable. The data were represented in a box-and-whiskers (5%–95%) plot.
Statistical significance between each group and the WT was calculated by one-way ANOVA. For the positive genes,
F5,537 = 272, p < 0.0001. For the negative genes, F5,400 = 145, p < 0.0001. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. Reproduced with permission
from Hernandez et al. (492).
RECOMMENDATION 5b
Assays for measuring circulating T4 and T3 are best performed using serum rather than plasma, since fibrin formation
affects pipetting, and additives such as heparin may directly interfere with free hormone determination.
Commentary.
Frequent blood samples can be obtained during the course of an experiment if limited to approximately
10% of the total volume every 2–4 weeks and 1% every 24 hours. Serum can be stored at -20C for long time periods.
The use of anesthesia may have variable effects on thyroid hormone levels, and each investigator should evaluate potential
effects in their system with the anesthetic they are using.
Serum T3 and T4 exhibit minimal circadian variations along day–night cycles; these could be taken into account
depending on the timing of sample collection. Serum samples with milky aspect from lactating dams or from their pups can
give erroneous results due to their high lipid content. In these cases extraction of the serum and removal of the lipids using
chloroform is advisable (67).
RECOMMENDATION 5c
Determinations of free iodothyronine indexes (FT4I and T3I) in the serum can be achieved by measurement of the
total serum hormone concentration and the serum iodothyronine binding capacity using one of the resin or
charcoal methods.
Commentary.
The existence of proteins in the serum that reversibly bind thyroid hormone establishes two pools
of circulating T4 and T3 (i.e., prote etc.etc.
Het volledige artikel:
http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/pdf/10 ... .2013.0109