Dit betreft de genetische connectie tussen autoimmune schildklier (thyroiditis) en diabetes type 1.
Een paar kleine stukjes:
Type 1 Diabetes and Autoimmune Thyroiditis:
The Genetic Connection
Of all autoimmune conditions, the familial clustering of autoimmune diseases is most pronounced for type 1 diabetes (T1D) and AITD (12,13) (reviewed by Levin and Tomer [14] and Huber et al. [15]).
In fact, the prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity in relatives of T1D patients is as high as 48%, compared with a general population prevalence of only 3–10% (12,16–18).
Moreover, T1D and AITD frequently occur within the same individual (14,19).
Up to 50% of T1D patients were reported to be positive for thyroid antibodies (reviewed by Huber et al. [15]), and approximately 50% of them progress to develop clinical AITD (20).
Despite the strong genetic association between T1D and AITD, up until recently little was known about the shared susceptibility genes for T1D and AITD.
Most previous studies focused on the HLA locus (23–31).
More recently, we have shown that, in addition to HLA class II, cytotoxic Tlymphocyte–associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is a major gene associated with joint risk for T1D and AITD (29).
These data were confirmed by two recent studies from Japan (32) and the United Kingdom (33
FIG. 1.
Summary of confirmed susceptibility genes for autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) and type 1 diabetes (T1D).
These include genes specific for AITD (thyroglobulin, thyrotropin receptor, and CD40) and genes specific for T1D (HLA-DQ2=DQ8, VNTR [a tandem repeat polymorphism located approximately 600 bp 50 of the insulin gene], MICA [MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence], IL2RA=CD25 [interleukin 2 receptor alpha], and IFIH1=MDA5 [interferon induced with helicase C]).
Four genes are common to both diseases (HLA-DR3=DR4, CTLA-4, PTPN22, and FOXP3 [forkhead box P3, which controls regulatory T-cell differentiation]).
Incl. referenties - 4 pagina's:
http://www.liebertonline.com/doi/pdfplu ... .2008.1565
